The Use Of Technology And Officer Education - 1110 Words

During the early days of American law enforcement, there were very few guidelines, or policies in place that governed the police forces (Bohm, 2010). It was not uncommon for police officers to pay for their appointments through political connections, which led to the widespread corruption that was common during this time frame. It was not until the early 1900s that the movement began to reform police departments, and to try and put an end to this corruption. One of these movements was led by August Vollmer. August Vollmer was appointed to the position of Chief of Police in Berkeley, California in 1909, a position he would hold until 1932 (Bohm, 2010). Vollmer was a progressive thinker who saw the need for reform in the police†¦show more content†¦This was based on data such as calls for service, response times, and crime rates in a given area (Bohm, 2010). It is this last area of reform where we can see the relationship between Vollmer’s ideas, and the creation of Com munity Oriented Policing and Compstat. In Vollmer’s view, he saw the need to move policing from a community service oriented job, to a crime fighting, crime reduction job focus (Bohm, 2010). The advent of Community Oriented Policing is changing the attitudes of police administrators, and is causing them to revert back, or adopt, a service oriented method of policing. During the last century, police reformers, such as Vollmer, moved policing in the direction of crime fighting, not just providing services to the community. In this way, Community Oriented Policing rejects the ideas of Vollmer, and other reformers, who created the professional model of policing which was common place (Walker, 2012). The community oriented model of policing puts the focus by on providing services to the community, not just responding to calls and chasing criminals (Bohm, 2010). By forming partnerships with the community which they serve, the police are providing services other than just crime figh ting. While crime may be an issue to some in the community, it may not be the most important issue to the majority. By working with the public to solve these other issues, the police are providing services to the community,

Child Development Is The Emotional, Psychological And...

Introduction Child development is the emotional, psychological and biological changes that occur in human being. These changes begin once the child is born and progress through the adolescent stage. the changes are usually predictable however they are usually unique to every child and the rate of progression as well differs from one child to another. The changes in development may be influenced by prenatal life events and to some extent by genetic factors (Lillard et al., 2013). It is important to note that child development is categorized into different periods, since each development period has some individual differences. Case study: Tom According to case study conducted about a child by the name Tom, it was noted that child development has certain stages. Tom was growing emotionally, mentally and physically as a child of his age. According to his mother, Tom was born on May eighth in 2010 by cesarean section after a normal pregnancy failed. At birth he weighed nine pounds six ounces and he was twenty-four inches long in measurement. Upon interviewing her mother, it was noted that Tom was not breast fed instead she chose to give him formula. Tom hit all important development stages according to his mother. As Tom progressed from toddler to preschooler, he was active and could play with toys and other children. According to neighbor A, Tom was brighter than other children; his mother suggested that most of his growth was occurring as it should for a child of his age.Show MoreRelatedMajor Depression And Its Effects On Social Involvement1565 Words   |  7 Pagesis associated with the body, emotions and thoughts (Hoeks ema and rector, 2011). In order for a person to be diagnosed with major depression, they must show at least 4 symptoms from any of the 4 categories; such as mood changes, cognitive changes, physical changes, and behavior changes; and must have experience of depression for 2 weeks. 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Consumer Behavior Different Persons For Five Different Meal

Question: Describe about The Consumer Behavior Of Three Different Persons For Five Different Meal Options ? Answer: Introduction Choice of food of customers is so varied these days. Some customers might like to go to a restaurant which provides a variety of food and some to a restaurant which is specialized in making one kind of food. It has always been a matter of discussion and research that which are the factors that actually shape these choices. A lot of research has been done on this issue and researchers have come up with various demographic factors like age, gender, financial status etc. Some researchers consider personality and the culture in which the person is brought up as the reasons behind different preferences. These reasons will be discussed in detail in the following paper. Then with increasing globalization, people are becoming aware of foods of different countries and regions; Now Indian food is not eaten by only Indian people. Also a lot of experiments are being done with the food of different countries. This paper will choose some factors which come into picture in the decision making process of a customer and then will do the analysis to find the respective weightage of these factors with various demographic characteristics. For our report, following is the list of five meal options. Option 1: 2 pizza+1 garlic bread+250mL cold drink at Dominos for $25 Option 2: Original recipe chicken 5 pieces+1 grilled taster box+1 iced mocha krusher at KFC for $20 Option 3: 1 Spicy red capsicum dip with toasted pita+1 Supremo chicken wrap+ garden salad+1 coke 390mL at Nandos for $25.45 Option 4: 1 Salman Carpaccio+ 1 Teriyaki Chicken + Nasu Miso at Masuya Japanese restaurant for $39.4 Option 5: Lamb tikka plate containing 3 Tandoori Lamb chops, Green salad, Basmati rice, and Mint Raita served on a platter plate topped with a crispy pappadum at The spice room for $30 Besides the above mentioned options, there is a lot of variety of food available in Sydney. Let it be breakfast, lunch or dinner; there is variety in all. Customer can go to restaurant for having food or can get the food packed to take away or can order online also. In this discussion, we have made assumption that the customer eats from outside and does not order from home also. For simplicity, these options are shown in table also: Name of Restaurant Meal Price ($) Remarks Dominos 2 pizza+1 garlic bread+250mL Cold drink 25 https://www.dominos.com.au/ KFC Original recipe chicken 5 pieces+1 grilled taster box+1 Iced mocha krusher 20 https://kfc.com.au/ Nandos 1 Spicy red capsicum dip with toasted pita+1 Supremo chicken wrap+ garden salad+1 coke 390mL 25.45 https://www.nandos.com.au/ Masuya Japanese Restaurant 1 Salman Carpaccio+ 1 Teriyaki Chicken + Nasu Miso $39.4 https://www.masuyainternational.com.au/en/masuya/ The Spice Room Lamb tikka plate containing 3 Tandoori Lamb chops, Green salad, Basmati rice, and Mint Raita served on a platter plate topped with a crispy pappadum $30 https://www.thespiceroom.com.au Lets give a code to these meals to ease the task. Food Item Code From Dominos DOM From KFC KFC From Nandos NAN From Masuya Japanese Restaurant MAS From The Spice Room SPC Creation of Decision Matrix and Application of Compensatory rule The above meal options were given to three different individuals to rank their preferences. The background and their rankings for these meal options can be discussed as following: Participant 1: ABC Introduction The actual name of the person is kept confidential due to confidentiality reasons. The person is a male of age 30 years. He works in a consulting firm and is not married yet. The ranking provided by ABC can be discussed as: Ranking FOOD CODE RANKING DOM 3 KFC 2 NAN 1 MAS 4 SPC 5 Relative Significance of criteria CRITERIA PRICE AMBIENCE ACCESSIBILITY FOOD QUALITY CUSTOMER SERVICE WEIHTAGE 30 30 20 10 10 Ranking of Food under These Criteria FOOD/CRITERIA PRICE AMBIENCE ACCESSIBILITY NUTRITION CUSTOMER SERVICE DOM 2 3 1 5 5 KFC 1 2 2 3 4 NAN 3 4 4 2 2 MAS 5 1 5 1 1 SPC 4 5 3 4 3 Ranking of Food According to Compensatory Rule FOOD CODE RANKING DOM 2 KFC 1 NAN 4 MAS 3 SPC 5 Explanation This is consumer is price conscious but when he goes for buying, he is actually inclined towards selecting a food which is more nutritious. This might be because he has high disposable income. Participant 2: XYZ Introduction The actual name of the person is kept confidential due to confidentiality reasons. The person is a female with 25 years of age. She is pursuing a course in management. She has not started earning money yet. She is unmarried. She does not eat outside frequently. The ranking provided by XYZ can be discussed as: Ranking FOOD CODE RANKING DOM 1 KFC 3 NAN 5 MAS 2 SPC 4 Relative Significance of Criteria CRITERIA PRICE AMBIENCE ACCESSIBILITY FOOD QUALITY CUSTOMER SERVICE WEIHTAGE 30 15 10 35 10 Ranking of Food under These Criteria FOOD/CRITERIA PRICE AMBIENCE ACCESSIBILITY NUTRITION CUSTOMER SERVICE DOM 5 1 1 2 1 KFC 2 2 2 4 2 NAN 3 4 4 3 5 MAS 1 3 5 1 3 SPC 4 5 3 5 4 Ranking of Food According to Compensatory Rule FOOD CODE RANKING DOM 2 KFC 3 NAN 4 MAS 1 SPC 5 Explanation This customer is very much conscious for nutrition. This is clear from two ways, first she has given maximum priority to nutrition and secondly, she does not eat outside frequently. But as she does not earn right now, price of the food actually deviates her decision from her conscious. Participant 3: MNO Introduction The actual name of the person is kept confidential due to confidentiality reasons. The person is a male of age 35 years. He works in a bank and he is married. The ranking provided by ABC can be discussed as: Ranking FOOD CODE RANKING DOM 3 KFC 2 NAN 1 MAS 5 SPC 4 Relative Significance of criterias CRITERIA PRICE AMBIENCE ACCESSIBILITY FOOD QUALITY CUSTOMER SERVICE WEIHTAGE 10 30 15 25 20 Ranking of Food Under These Criteria FOOD/CRITERIA PRICE AMBIENCE ACCESSIBILITY NUTRITION CUSTOMER SERVICE DOM 2 1 3 2 1 KFC 1 3 2 3 5 NAN 3 2 1 1 2 MAS 5 5 5 5 4 SPC 4 4 4 4 3 Ranking of Food According to Compensatory Rule FOOD CODE RANKING DOM 1 KFC 3 NAN 2 MAS 5 SPC 4 Explanation As this consumer is married, he gives more weightage to ambience and customer behavior; which eventually in compensatory rule makes food from Dominos more preferable. Analyzing why the criterion ranking is different Demographics Age and Life Cycle Stage Difference Age and stage of life cycle impact the preference of customer a lot. At lower age, people are less conscious for nutrition and can be more sensitive towards the ambience and brand image of place. While at higher age, weightage to nutrition increases. It has also been found out by some researchers that pattern of food preference according to age and the one according to gender has huge difference. Stage in life cycle may alter the choice in so many ways, preferences of a person before and after marriage vary a lot. Income Difference Choice of food is not just about liking and disliking. As we observed above, when a consumer is working and has more disposable income, he/she gives more importance to other factors as compared to cost. Patterns of food preference according to income are also not much predictable. Gender Difference There is no doubt that gender has a huge role to play in decision making. As the way of thinking is entirely different of a boy from a girl, so is the case with their preference for food. Studies have shown that more of the females prefer food with more vegetables and less oil. In contradiction to this, males prefer food which gives more energy. This has also been seen in researches that females are less inclined towards non-vegetarian food. Personality Personality is a unique combination of characteristics which differentiates a person from others. Various factors shape a persons personality like his/her culture, family values, friend circle etc. While people grow up, they have varied experiences with food and this differentiates his/her perspective for food from another person. One consumer might has learnt to eat nutritious and healthy food through his/her surroundings and other might give more importance to taste and prefer fast food. Recommendations The recommendations are made for The Spice room. It is continuously being rated lowest in by people. But then people interviewed here are from Australia while Spice Room specializes in Indian food. Spice Room needs to put special efforts to penetrate more market besides just Indians. Efforts made in this direction might not improve sales in short term but sincere efforts in this direction will pay in long run. Attracting customers It is important for The Spice Room to attract Australian population. It should concentrate on both international and domestic population. For this a more discrete and effective marketing strategy is required. It should also focus on pricing. In initial stage, it can keep the price lower to encourage population for giving at least one try to its products. It needs to bring its price lower than its competitors. With changing time, way of marketing has changed a lot. Digital marketing and increasing dependence on marketing research are some of the attractive features of modern marketing. Conclusion The above paper discussed The Consumer Behavior Of Three Different Persons For Five Different Meal Options. These people were asked to provide a ranking to different meal options. It is clear from the above discussion that there are a lot of internal as well as external factors responsible for decision making. This paper also shows that there are still a lot of reasons behind customers choice which are just saved in his/her subconscious mind. As we saw that the ranking the consumers made at first look and the ranking we found from compensatory rule has some variation. Consumers are not completely rational while making choice, there are various other things or emotions which come into picture. This possibly makes the task of marketing difficult because there are a lot of factors to be handled at one time. With this, one cannot underestimate the cost factor also. Before doing a research, management needs to be very clear that whether the output of research is worth the expense needed t o be made on it. There is still need of much more research on this part so that the process behind customer preference for food can be decoded to more extent. References Bourdieu, P. (1995). Distinksjonen: En sosiologiskkritikkavdmmekraften(Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste) Translated by AnnickPrieur, Oslo, Norway, PaxForlag AS Barthomeuf, L., Rousset, S. and Droit-Volet, S. (2009). Emotion and food. Do the emotions expressed on other peoples faces affect the desire to eat liked and disliked food products? Appetite, 52, 27 33 Zajonc, R.B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269-274 Cooke, L. and Wardle, J. (2005).Age and gender differences in childrens food preferences. British Journal of Nutrition, 93, 741-746 Beardsworth, A., Bryman, A., Keil, T., Goode, J., Haslam, C. and Lancashire, E. (2002) Women, men and food: The significance of gender for nutritional attitudes and choices.British Food Journal.104(7), 470-491 Goldberg, L.R. and Strycker, L.A. (2002).Personality and eating habits: the assessment of food preferences in a large community sample. Personality and Individual Difference, 32, 49-65. Carrillo, E., Varela, P., Salvador, A., Fiszman, S. (2011). Main factors underlying consumers food choice: A first step for the understanding of attitudes toward healthy eating. Journal of Sensory Studies, 26(2), 85-95.